Table 2 Included studies
From: Barriers and facilitators to pediatric tuberculosis management in India: a systematic review
# | Author/ Publication Year | Title | Focus | Study Design | Method | Study setting | Study population | Barriers identified at | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual level | Community level | Health system level | ||||||||
1 | Belgaumkar et al., 2018 | Barriers to screening and isoniazid preventive therapy for child contacts of tuberculosis patients | Prevention | Cross sectional study | Semi structured questionnaire, health record data | Sassoon General Hospital, Pune | Household child contacts (n = 178) | x | x | x |
2 | Bhat et al., 2013 | Intensified tuberculosis case finding among malnourished children in nutritional rehabilitation centres of Karnataka, India: Missed opportunities | Prevention | Cross sectional study | Review of routinely collected program data and medical records | Nutritional Rehabilitation centers in 6 tehsils in Karnataka | Children with severe malnutrition (SAM) (n = 1927) | x | x | x |
3 | Chawla et al., 2023 | Tuberculosis screening for pediatric household contacts in India: Time to adapt newer strategies under the National TB Elimination Programme! | Prevention | Cohort Study | Enrolled contacts of index TB cases were followed up at regular intervals for one year. | Bengaluru and Udupi districts of Karnataka, India | Household child contacts aged < 15 years (n = 686) | x | x | x |
4 | Chawla et al., 2021 | Challenges perceived by health care providers for implementation of contact screening and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in Karnataka, India | Prevention | Qualitative Study | In-depth interviews | Districts of Bengalaru, Udupi, Karnataka | Healthcare providers n = 64 | x | x | x |
5 | Das, M. et al., 2021 | Challenging drug-resistant TB treatment journey for children, adolescents and their care-givers: A qualitative study | Treatment | Qualitative study | In-depth interviews | Sassoon General Hospital, Pune | Adolescents (n = 6) Patient guardians (n = 5) Health workers (n = 8) | x | x | x |
6 | De et al., 2014 | Source case detection for Children with TB Disease in Pune, India | Prevention | Cross sectional study | Questionnaire to legal parent or guardian | Sassoon General Hospital, Pune | Paediatric index cases (n = 50) | x | x | x |
7 | Dhaked et al., 2018 | Treatment seeking pathways in pediatric tuberculosis patients attending DOTS centers in urban areas of Delhi* | Treatment | Cross sectional study | Semi-structured questionnaire to caregivers | Two chest clinics (DOTS & DMCs) located in Delhi | Pediatric TB patients (n = 141) | X | X | X |
8 | Dhaked et al., 2019 | Socio-demographic profile and treatment outcomes in pediatric TB patients attending DOTS centers in urban areas of Delhi* | Treatment | Prospective study | Semi-structured questionnaire to caregivers | Two chest clinics (DOTS & DMCs) located in Delhi | Pediatric TB patients (n = 141) | X | ||
9 | Dhakulkar et al., 2021 | Treatment outcomes of children and adolescents receiving drug-resistant TB treatment in a routine TB programme, Mumbai, India | Treatment | Descriptive study | Routine program data | Shatabdi Hospital, Mumbai | Pediatric DR-TB patients (n = 268) | X | X | X |
10 | Giridharan, P et al., 2023 | Time Elapsed from onset of symptoms to antituberculosis treatment in children with central nervous system tuberculosis in a tertiary hospital in South India: A mixed-methods pilot study | Treatment | Mixed-methods pilot study | Semi-structured pretested questionnaire In-depth interview | Tertiary hospital in South India | Children up to 12 years of age, diagnosed with CNS-TB, and initiated on antitubercular treatment (N = 38) | X | X | |
11 | Jain et al., 2013 | Pediatric Tuberculosis in Young Children in India: A Prospective Study | Diagnosis | Prospective study | History, physical examination | Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune | Children < 5 with suspected TB (n = 223) | X | X | |
12 | Kalra, 2017 | Care seeking and treatment related delay among childhood tuberculosis patients in Delhi, India | Treatment | Cross sectional study | Interviews to parents/ guardians | 8 RNTCP DTCs across Delhi | Child TB patients (n = 175) | X | X | X |
13 | Kalra et al., 2020 | Upfront xpert mtb/rif for diagnosis of pediatric tb-does it work? experience from India | Diagnosis | Project | Roll-out of Xpert MTB/RIF testing through capacity building and provider engagement | 10 cities across India | Presumptive pediatric TB cases (n = 42,238) | X | X | X |
14 | McDowell et al., 2018 | “Before Xpert I only had my expertise”: A qualitative study on the utilization and effects of Xpert technology among pediatricians in 4 Indian cities | Diagnosis | Qualitative study | Semi-structured interviews | Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad & Kolkata | Pediatric physicians (n = 55) | X | ||
15 | Paradkar et al., 2019 | Challenges in conducting trials for pediatric tuberculous meningitis: lessons from the field | Treatment | Clinical trial | Monthly trial reports, case report forms, registers | Tertiary referral hospitals in Chennai and Pune | Children with probable or confirmed TB (n = 3371) | X | X | X |
16 | Pathak et al., 2016 | Can Intensified Tuberculosis Case Finding Efforts at Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers Lead to Pediatric Case Detection in Bihar, India? | Diagnosis, Prevention | Cohort study | Medical records, RNTCP registers and treatment logs | 7 Nutritional Rehabilitation Centers in Bihar | SAM children (n = 440) | X | ||
17 | Raizada et al., 2018a | Accelerating access to quality TB care for pediatric TB cases through better diagnostic strategy in four major cities of India | Diagnosis | Project | Roll-out of Xpert MTB/RIF testing through capacity building and provider engagement | Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad & Kolkata | Presumptive pediatric TB cases (n = 42,238) | X | X | X |
18 | Raizada et al., 2018b | Catalysing progressive uptake of newer diagnostics by health care providers through outreach and education in four major cities of India | Diagnosis | Project | Mapping, approaching, engagement of healthcare providers | Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad & Kolkata | Pediatric healthcare providers (n = 3670) | X | ||
19 | Raizada et al., 2021 | Pathways to diagnosis of pediatric TB patients: A mixed methods study from India | Diagnosis | Mixed methods | Semi-structured questionnaire | Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad & Kolkata | Parents/guardians of child TB patients (n = 100) | X | X | X |
20 | Sahana et al., 2018 | Management practices of tuberculosis in children among pediatric practitioners in Mangalore, South India | Diagnosis, treatment | Cross sectional study | Questionnaire | Mangalore | Registered pediatricians (n = 50) | X | ||
21 | Shivaramakrishna et al., 2014 | Isoniazid preventive treatment in children in two districts of South India: does practice follow policy? | Prevention | Cross sectional study | Questionnaire | Krishnagiri and Tiravulur districts of Tamil Nadu | Household child contacts (n = 271) | X | X | |
22 | Singh et al., 2017 | Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Children Living with Tuberculosis Patients: Is It Working? A Mixed-Method Study from Bhopal, India | Prevention | Mixed methods | Secondary data analysis, survey, interviews | Tuberculosis Unit, Bhopal | Household child contacts (n = 51), parents/caregivers of child contact (n = 14), healthcare providers (n = 11) | X | X | |
23 | Singh et al., 2021 | Poor adherence to TB diagnosis guidelines among under-five | Diagnosis, prevention | Mixed methods | NRC records, focus groups, interviews | NRCs in Sagar and Sheopur | SAM children (n = 3230), healthcare providers (focus | X | ||
24 | Valvi et al., 2019 | Delays and barriers to early treatment initiation for childhood tuberculosis in India | Diagnosis, treatment | Cross sectional study | Questionnaire, hospital records | Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune | Children on anti-TB treatment (n = 89) | X | X | |